examples: improve global init, error checks and returning errors

- add `curl_global_init()` and `curl_global_cleanup()` where missing.
- check the result of `curl_global_init()` where missing.
- return the last curl error from `main()`.
- drop Win32-specific socket initialization in favor of `curl_global_init()`.
- rename some outliers to `res` for curl result code.
- fix cleanup in some error cases.

Inspired by Joshua's report on examples.

Closes #19053

docs/examples/10-at-a-time.c

@@ -109,7 +109,10 @@ int main(void)
   int msgs_left = -1;
   int left = 0;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   cm = curl_multi_init();
 
   /* Limit the amount of simultaneous connections curl should allow: */

docs/examples/address-scope.c

@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@ int main(void)
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(MSDOS) && !defined(__AMIGA__)
   /* Windows/MS-DOS users need to find how to use if_nametoindex() */
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -57,6 +60,9 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-#endif
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
+#else
   return 0;
+#endif
 }

docs/examples/altsvc.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -54,5 +57,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/anyauthput.c

@@ -111,7 +111,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 #endif
 
   /* In Windows, this inits the Winsock stuff */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
+    fclose(fp);
+    return (int)res;
+  }
 
   /* get a curl handle */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -161,5 +165,5 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   fclose(fp); /* close the local file */
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/block_ip.c

@@ -301,9 +301,10 @@ int main(void)
   if(!filter)
     return 1;
 
-  if(curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT)) {
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
     free(filter);
-    return 1;
+    return (int)res;
   }
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();

docs/examples/cacertinmem.c

@@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ static size_t writefunction(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
 
 static CURLcode sslctx_function(CURL *curl, void *sslctx, void *pointer)
 {
-  CURLcode rv = CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
-
   /** This example uses two (fake) certificates **/
   /* replace the XXX with the actual CA certificates */
   static const char mypem[] =
@@ -89,14 +87,14 @@ static CURLcode sslctx_function(CURL *curl, void *sslctx, void *pointer)
   (void)pointer;
 
   if(!cts || !cbio) {
-    return rv;
+    return CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
   }
 
   inf = PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio(cbio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
   if(!inf) {
     BIO_free(cbio);
-    return rv;
+    return CURLE_ABORTED_BY_CALLBACK;
   }
 
   for(i = 0; i < sk_X509_INFO_num(inf); i++) {
@@ -112,16 +110,18 @@ static CURLcode sslctx_function(CURL *curl, void *sslctx, void *pointer)
   sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(inf, X509_INFO_free);
   BIO_free(cbio);
 
-  rv = CURLE_OK;
-  return rv;
+  return CURLE_OK;
 }
 
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *ch;
-  CURLcode rv;
+  CURLcode res;
+
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
   ch = curl_easy_init();
   curl_easy_setopt(ch, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 0L);
   curl_easy_setopt(ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0L);
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ int main(void)
   /* first try: retrieve page without ca certificates -> should fail
    * unless libcurl was built --with-ca-fallback enabled at build-time
    */
-  rv = curl_easy_perform(ch);
-  if(rv == CURLE_OK)
+  res = curl_easy_perform(ch);
+  if(res == CURLE_OK)
     printf("*** transfer succeeded ***\n");
   else
     printf("*** transfer failed ***\n");
@@ -166,13 +166,13 @@ int main(void)
    * "modifications" to the SSL CONTEXT just before link init
    */
   curl_easy_setopt(ch, CURLOPT_SSL_CTX_FUNCTION, sslctx_function);
-  rv = curl_easy_perform(ch);
-  if(rv == CURLE_OK)
+  res = curl_easy_perform(ch);
+  if(res == CURLE_OK)
     printf("*** transfer succeeded ***\n");
   else
     printf("*** transfer failed ***\n");
 
   curl_easy_cleanup(ch);
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return (int)rv;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/certinfo.c

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ int main(void)
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -83,5 +85,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/chkspeed.c

@@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   }
 
   /* init libcurl */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   /* init the curl session */
   curl_handle = curl_easy_init();

docs/examples/connect-to.c

@@ -30,8 +30,12 @@
 
 int main(void)
 {
+  struct curl_slist *host;
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   /*
     Each single string should be written using the format
@@ -41,8 +45,7 @@ int main(void)
    */
   /* instead of curl.se:443, it resolves and uses example.com:443 but in other
      aspects work as if it still is curl.se */
-  struct curl_slist *host = curl_slist_append(NULL,
-                                              "curl.se:443:example.com:443");
+  host = curl_slist_append(NULL, "curl.se:443:example.com:443");
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -66,5 +69,7 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_slist_free_all(host);
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/cookie_interface.c

@@ -72,7 +72,10 @@ main(void)
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     char nline[512];

docs/examples/crawler.c

@@ -182,10 +182,14 @@ int main(void)
   int pending;
   int complete;
   int still_running;
+  CURLcode res;
+
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   signal(SIGINT, sighandler);
   LIBXML_TEST_VERSION
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
   curl_multi_setopt(multi_handle, CURLMOPT_MAX_TOTAL_CONNECTIONS, max_con);
   curl_multi_setopt(multi_handle, CURLMOPT_MAX_HOST_CONNECTIONS, 6L);

docs/examples/debug.c

@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ int main(void)
   CURLcode res;
   struct data config;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   config.trace_ascii = 1; /* enable ASCII tracing */
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -151,5 +155,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/default-scheme.c

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ int main(void)
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "example.com");
@@ -53,5 +57,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c

@@ -449,6 +449,7 @@ void sigint_handler(int signo)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct GlobalInfo g;
   struct itimerspec its;
   struct epoll_event ev;
@@ -456,6 +457,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   (void)argc;
   (void)argv;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   g_should_exit_ = 0;
   signal(SIGINT, sigint_handler);
 
@@ -463,12 +468,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   g.epfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
   if(g.epfd == -1) {
     perror("epoll_create1 failed");
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
   }
 
   g.tfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_NONBLOCK | TFD_CLOEXEC);
   if(g.tfd == -1) {
     perror("timerfd_create failed");
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -481,8 +488,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   ev.data.fd = g.tfd;
   epoll_ctl(g.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, g.tfd, &ev);
 
-  if(init_fifo(&g))
+  if(init_fifo(&g)) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
+  }
   g.multi = curl_multi_init();
 
   /* setup the generic multi interface options we want */
@@ -508,6 +517,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
       }
       else {
         perror("epoll_wait");
+        curl_global_cleanup();
         return 1;
       }
     }
@@ -530,5 +540,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   curl_multi_cleanup(g.multi);
   clean_fifo(&g);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c

@@ -415,10 +415,15 @@ static int init_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct GlobalInfo g;
   (void)argc;
   (void)argv;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g));
   g.loop = ev_default_loop(0);
 
@@ -439,5 +444,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   ev_loop(g.loop, 0);
   curl_multi_cleanup(g.multi);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/externalsocket.c

@@ -103,14 +103,9 @@ int main(void)
   struct sockaddr_in servaddr;  /*  socket address structure  */
   curl_socket_t sockfd;
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-  WSADATA wsaData;
-  int initwsa = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
-  if(initwsa) {
-    printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", initwsa);
-    return 1;
-  }
-#endif
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -175,8 +170,7 @@ int main(void)
     }
   }
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-  WSACleanup();
-#endif
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/fileupload.c

@@ -46,9 +46,15 @@ int main(void)
   curl_off_t speed_upload, total_time;
   FILE *fd;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   fd = fopen("debugit", "rb"); /* open file to upload */
-  if(!fd)
+  if(!fd) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1; /* cannot continue */
+  }
 
   /* to get the file size */
 #ifdef UNDER_CE
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ int main(void)
   if(fstat(fileno(fd), &file_info) != 0) {
 #endif
     fclose(fd);
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1; /* cannot continue */
   }
 
@@ -100,5 +107,6 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
   fclose(fd);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/ftp-delete.c

@@ -37,14 +37,15 @@ static size_t my_fwrite(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
   return size * nmemb;
 }
 
-
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
   struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -80,5 +81,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftp-wildcard.c

@@ -32,67 +32,6 @@ struct callback_data {
   FILE *output;
 };
 
-static long file_is_coming(struct curl_fileinfo *finfo,
-                           void *data,
-                           int remains);
-
-static long file_is_downloaded(void *data);
-
-static size_t write_it(char *buff, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                       void *cb_data);
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-  /* curl easy handle */
-  CURL *handle;
-
-  /* help data */
-  struct callback_data data = { 0 };
-
-  /* global initialization */
-  CURLcode rc = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
-  if(rc)
-    return (int)rc;
-
-  /* initialization of easy handle */
-  handle = curl_easy_init();
-  if(!handle) {
-    curl_global_cleanup();
-    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-  }
-
-  /* turn on wildcard matching */
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WILDCARDMATCH, 1L);
-
-  /* callback is called before download of concrete file started */
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_BGN_FUNCTION, file_is_coming);
-
-  /* callback is called after data from the file have been transferred */
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_END_FUNCTION, file_is_downloaded);
-
-  /* this callback writes contents into files */
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_it);
-
-  /* put transfer data into callbacks */
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_DATA, &data);
-  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &data);
-
-  /* curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); */
-
-  /* set a URL containing wildcard pattern (only in the last part) */
-  if(argc == 2)
-    curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);
-  else
-    curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, "ftp://example.com/test/*");
-
-  /* and start transfer! */
-  rc = curl_easy_perform(handle);
-
-  curl_easy_cleanup(handle);
-  curl_global_cleanup();
-  return (int)rc;
-}
-
 static long file_is_coming(struct curl_fileinfo *finfo, void *input,
                            int remains)
 {
@@ -151,3 +90,55 @@ static size_t write_it(char *buff, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
     written = fwrite(buff, size, nmemb, stdout);
   return written;
 }
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  /* curl easy handle */
+  CURL *handle;
+
+  /* help data */
+  struct callback_data data = { 0 };
+
+  /* global initialization */
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
+  /* initialization of easy handle */
+  handle = curl_easy_init();
+  if(!handle) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
+    return CURLE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  /* turn on wildcard matching */
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WILDCARDMATCH, 1L);
+
+  /* callback is called before download of concrete file started */
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_BGN_FUNCTION, file_is_coming);
+
+  /* callback is called after data from the file have been transferred */
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_END_FUNCTION, file_is_downloaded);
+
+  /* this callback writes contents into files */
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_it);
+
+  /* put transfer data into callbacks */
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_CHUNK_DATA, &data);
+  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &data);
+
+  /* curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L); */
+
+  /* set a URL containing wildcard pattern (only in the last part) */
+  if(argc == 2)
+    curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);
+  else
+    curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, "ftp://example.com/test/*");
+
+  /* and start transfer! */
+  res = curl_easy_perform(handle);
+
+  curl_easy_cleanup(handle);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
+}

docs/examples/ftpget.c

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ int main(void)
     NULL
   };
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -90,5 +92,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpgetinfo.c

@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ int main(void)
   curl_off_t filesize = 0;
   const char *filename = strrchr(ftpurl, '/') + 1;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -89,5 +91,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpgetresp.c

@@ -47,15 +47,22 @@ int main(void)
   FILE *ftpfile;
   FILE *respfile;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* local filename to store the file as */
   ftpfile = fopen(FTPBODY, "wb"); /* b is binary, needed on Windows */
-  if(!ftpfile)
+  if(!ftpfile) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
+  }
 
   /* local filename to store the FTP server's response lines in */
   respfile = fopen(FTPHEADERS, "wb"); /* b is binary, needed on Windows */
   if(!respfile) {
     fclose(ftpfile);
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -81,5 +88,5 @@ int main(void)
   fclose(ftpfile); /* close the local file */
   fclose(respfile); /* close the response file */
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpsget.c

@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ int main(void)
     NULL
   };
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -97,5 +99,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpupload.c

@@ -109,7 +109,11 @@ int main(void)
   printf("Local file size: %lu bytes.\n", (unsigned long)fsize);
 
   /* In Windows, this inits the Winsock stuff */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
+    fclose(hd_src);
+    return (int)res;
+  }
 
   /* get a curl handle */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -155,5 +159,5 @@ int main(void)
   fclose(hd_src); /* close the local file */
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpuploadfrommem.c

@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ftpuploadresume.c

@@ -154,7 +154,10 @@ int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curlhandle = NULL;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curlhandle = curl_easy_init();
 
   upload(curlhandle, "ftp://user:pass@example.com/path/file", "C:\\file",

docs/examples/getinfo.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -50,5 +53,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/getinmemory.c

@@ -66,11 +66,13 @@ int main(void)
 
   struct MemoryStruct chunk;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   chunk.memory = malloc(1);  /* grown as needed by the realloc above */
   chunk.size = 0;    /* no data at this point */
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
-
   /* init the curl session */
   curl_handle = curl_easy_init();
 
@@ -114,5 +116,5 @@ int main(void)
   /* we are done with libcurl, so clean it up */
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/getredirect.c

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ int main(void)
   char *location;
   long response_code;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com");
@@ -68,5 +72,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/getreferrer.c

@@ -32,10 +32,12 @@ int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
-    CURLcode res;
-
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com");
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_REFERER, "https://example.org/referrer");
 
@@ -55,5 +57,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/ghiper.c

@@ -421,9 +421,15 @@ int main(void)
   int fd;
   GIOChannel* ch;
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   fd = init_fifo();
-  if(fd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD)
+  if(fd == CURL_SOCKET_BAD) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
+  }
   ch = g_io_channel_unix_new(fd);
   g_io_add_watch(ch, G_IO_IN, fifo_cb, g);
   gmain = g_main_loop_new(NULL, FALSE);
@@ -438,5 +444,6 @@ int main(void)
 
   g_main_loop_run(gmain);
   curl_multi_cleanup(g->multi);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/headerapi.c

@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
-    CURLcode res;
     struct curl_header *header;
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://example.com");
     /* example.com is redirected, so we tell libcurl to follow redirection */
@@ -77,5 +80,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/hiperfifo.c

@@ -414,14 +414,21 @@ static void clean_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct GlobalInfo g;
   (void)argc;
   (void)argv;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g));
   g.evbase = event_base_new();
-  if(init_fifo(&g))
+  if(init_fifo(&g)) {
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
+  }
   g.multi = curl_multi_init();
   evtimer_assign(&g.timer_event, g.evbase, timer_cb, &g);
 
@@ -443,5 +450,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   event_del(&g.timer_event);
   event_base_free(g.evbase);
   curl_multi_cleanup(g.multi);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/hsts-preload.c

@@ -80,7 +80,10 @@ static CURLSTScode hstswrite(CURL *easy, struct curl_hstsentry *e,
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -114,5 +117,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/htmltidy.c

@@ -76,55 +76,58 @@ void dumpNode(TidyDoc doc, TidyNode tnod, int indent)
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-  if(argc == 2) {
-    CURL *curl;
-    char curl_errbuf[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
-    TidyDoc tdoc;
-    TidyBuffer docbuf = {0};
-    TidyBuffer tidy_errbuf = {0};
-    int err;
+  CURL *curl;
+  char curl_errbuf[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
+  TidyDoc tdoc;
+  TidyBuffer docbuf = {0};
+  TidyBuffer tidy_errbuf = {0};
+  CURLcode res;
 
-    curl = curl_easy_init();
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errbuf);
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb);
+  if(argc != 2) {
+    printf("usage: %s <url>\n", argv[0]);
+    return 1;
+  }
 
-    tdoc = tidyCreate();
-    tidyOptSetBool(tdoc, TidyForceOutput, yes); /* try harder */
-    tidyOptSetInt(tdoc, TidyWrapLen, 4096);
-    tidySetErrorBuffer(tdoc, &tidy_errbuf);
-    tidyBufInit(&docbuf);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &docbuf);
-    err = curl_easy_perform(curl);
-    if(!err) {
-      err = tidyParseBuffer(tdoc, &docbuf); /* parse the input */
-      if(err >= 0) {
-        err = tidyCleanAndRepair(tdoc); /* fix any problems */
-        if(err >= 0) {
-          err = tidyRunDiagnostics(tdoc); /* load tidy error buffer */
-          if(err >= 0) {
-            dumpNode(tdoc, tidyGetRoot(tdoc), 0); /* walk the tree */
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", tidy_errbuf.bp); /* show errors */
-          }
+  curl = curl_easy_init();
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errbuf);
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_cb);
+
+  tdoc = tidyCreate();
+  tidyOptSetBool(tdoc, TidyForceOutput, yes); /* try harder */
+  tidyOptSetInt(tdoc, TidyWrapLen, 4096);
+  tidySetErrorBuffer(tdoc, &tidy_errbuf);
+  tidyBufInit(&docbuf);
+
+  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &docbuf);
+  res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+  if(!res) {
+    res = tidyParseBuffer(tdoc, &docbuf); /* parse the input */
+    if(res >= 0) {
+      res = tidyCleanAndRepair(tdoc); /* fix any problems */
+      if(res >= 0) {
+        res = tidyRunDiagnostics(tdoc); /* load tidy error buffer */
+        if(res >= 0) {
+          dumpNode(tdoc, tidyGetRoot(tdoc), 0); /* walk the tree */
+          fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", tidy_errbuf.bp); /* show errors */
         }
       }
     }
-    else
-      fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", curl_errbuf);
-
-    /* clean-up */
-    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
-    tidyBufFree(&docbuf);
-    tidyBufFree(&tidy_errbuf);
-    tidyRelease(tdoc);
-    return err;
-
   }
   else
-    printf("usage: %s <url>\n", argv[0]);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", curl_errbuf);
 
-  return 0;
+  /* clean-up */
+  curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  tidyBufFree(&docbuf);
+  tidyBufFree(&tidy_errbuf);
+  tidyRelease(tdoc);
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ static void parseHtml(const std::string &html,
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
   CURL *conn = NULL;
-  CURLcode code;
+  CURLcode res;
   std::string title;
 
   // Ensure one argument is given
@@ -273,21 +273,24 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   // Initialize CURL connection
 
   if(!init(conn, argv[1])) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Connection initialization failed\n");
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
 
   // Retrieve content for the URL
 
-  code = curl_easy_perform(conn);
+  res = curl_easy_perform(conn);
   curl_easy_cleanup(conn);
 
-  if(code != CURLE_OK) {
+  if(res != CURLE_OK) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get '%s' [%s]\n", argv[1], errorBuffer);
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   }
@@ -298,5 +301,5 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   // Display the extracted title
   printf("Title: %s\n", title.c_str());
 
-  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/http-options.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -55,5 +58,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/http-post.c

@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ int main(void)
   CURLcode res;
 
   /* In Windows, this inits the Winsock stuff */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   /* get a curl handle */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -57,5 +59,5 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/http2-download.c

@@ -190,11 +190,13 @@ static int setup(struct transfer *t, int num)
  */
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct transfer trans[NUM_HANDLES];
   CURLM *multi_handle;
   int i;
   int still_running = 0; /* keep number of running handles */
   int num_transfers;
+
   if(argc > 1) {
     /* if given a number, do that many transfers */
     num_transfers = atoi(argv[1]);
@@ -204,12 +206,18 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   else
     num_transfers = 3; /* suitable default */
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* init a multi stack */
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
   for(i = 0; i < num_transfers; i++) {
-    if(setup(&trans[i], i))
+    if(setup(&trans[i], i)) {
+      curl_global_cleanup();
       return 1;
+    }
 
     /* add the individual transfer */
     curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, trans[i].easy);

docs/examples/http2-pushinmemory.c

@@ -130,6 +130,10 @@ int main(void)
   int i;
   struct CURLMsg *m;
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* init a multi stack */
   multi = curl_multi_init();
 
@@ -155,7 +159,6 @@ int main(void)
     if(mcode)
       break;
 
-
     /*
      * When doing server push, libcurl itself created and added one or more
      * easy handles but *we* need to clean them up when they are done.
@@ -173,8 +176,8 @@ int main(void)
 
   }
 
-
   curl_multi_cleanup(multi);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
 
   /* 'pushindex' is now the number of received transfers */
   for(i = 0; i < pushindex; i++) {

docs/examples/http2-serverpush.c

@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ static int server_push_callback(CURL *parent,
  */
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   CURL *easy;
   CURLM *multi_handle;
   int transfers = 1; /* we start with one */
@@ -221,6 +222,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   if(argc == 2)
     url = argv[1];
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* init a multi stack */
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
@@ -229,6 +234,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   /* set options */
   if(setup(easy, url)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "failed\n");
+    curl_global_cleanup();
     return 1;
   }
 
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   } while(transfers); /* as long as we have transfers going */
 
   curl_multi_cleanup(multi_handle);
-
+  curl_global_cleanup();
 
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/http2-upload.c

@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ static int setup(struct input *i, int num, const char *upload)
  */
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct input trans[NUM_HANDLES];
   CURLM *multi_handle;
   int i;
@@ -313,12 +314,18 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   else
     num_transfers = 3;
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* init a multi stack */
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
   for(i = 0; i < num_transfers; i++) {
-    if(setup(&trans[i], i, filename))
+    if(setup(&trans[i], i, filename)) {
+      curl_global_cleanup();
       return 1;
+    }
 
     /* add the individual transfer */
     curl_multi_add_handle(multi_handle, trans[i].hnd);
@@ -348,5 +355,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     curl_easy_cleanup(trans[i].hnd);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/http3-present.c

@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ int main(void)
 {
   curl_version_info_data *ver;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   ver = curl_version_info(CURLVERSION_NOW);
   if(ver->features & CURL_VERSION_HTTP2)

docs/examples/http3.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -50,5 +53,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/httpcustomheader.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +71,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* free the custom headers */
     curl_slist_free_all(chunk);
   }
-  return 0;
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/httpput-postfields.c

@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   url = argv[1];
 
   /* In Windows, this inits the Winsock stuff */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   /* get a curl handle */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -100,5 +102,5 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   }
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/httpput.c

@@ -101,7 +101,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   }
 
   /* In Windows, this inits the Winsock stuff */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
+    fclose(hd_src);
+    return (int)res;
+  }
 
   /* get a curl handle */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -137,5 +141,5 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   fclose(hd_src); /* close the local file */
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/https.c

@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -79,5 +80,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-append.c

@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ static size_t payload_source(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -126,5 +129,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-authzid.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -69,5 +72,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-copy.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -69,5 +72,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-create.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-delete.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-examine.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-fetch.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -63,5 +66,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-list.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -64,5 +67,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-lsub.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -66,5 +69,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-multi.c

@@ -39,44 +39,48 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLM *mcurl;
-  int still_running = 1;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
-  if(!curl)
-    return 1;
+  if(curl) {
+    CURLM *mcurl;
 
-  mcurl = curl_multi_init();
-  if(!mcurl)
-    return 2;
+    mcurl = curl_multi_init();
+    if(mcurl) {
+      int still_running = 1;
 
-  /* Set username and password */
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, "secret");
+      /* Set username and password */
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, "secret");
 
-  /* This fetches message 1 from the user's inbox */
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "imap://imap.example.com/INBOX/;UID=1");
+      /* This fetches message 1 from the user's inbox */
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "imap://imap.example.com/"
+                       "INBOX/;UID=1");
 
-  /* Tell the multi stack about our easy handle */
-  curl_multi_add_handle(mcurl, curl);
+      /* Tell the multi stack about our easy handle */
+      curl_multi_add_handle(mcurl, curl);
 
-  do {
-    CURLMcode mc = curl_multi_perform(mcurl, &still_running);
+      do {
+        CURLMcode mc = curl_multi_perform(mcurl, &still_running);
 
-    if(still_running)
-      /* wait for activity, timeout or "nothing" */
-      mc = curl_multi_poll(mcurl, NULL, 0, 1000, NULL);
+        if(still_running)
+          /* wait for activity, timeout or "nothing" */
+          mc = curl_multi_poll(mcurl, NULL, 0, 1000, NULL);
 
-    if(mc)
-      break;
-  } while(still_running);
+        if(mc)
+          break;
+      } while(still_running);
+
+      /* Always cleanup */
+      curl_multi_remove_handle(mcurl, curl);
+      curl_multi_cleanup(mcurl);
+    }
+    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+  }
 
-  /* Always cleanup */
-  curl_multi_remove_handle(mcurl, curl);
-  curl_multi_cleanup(mcurl);
-  curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
   return 0;

docs/examples/imap-noop.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-search.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -69,5 +72,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-ssl.c

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -90,5 +93,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-store.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -80,5 +83,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/imap-tls.c

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -90,5 +93,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/interface.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -48,5 +51,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/ipv6.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -44,5 +47,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/keepalive.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -54,5 +57,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/localport.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -49,5 +52,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/log_failed_transfers.c

@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ static size_t mywrite(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
 
 int main(void)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   unsigned i;
   int total_failed = 0;
   char errbuf[CURL_ERROR_SIZE] = { 0, };
@@ -222,9 +223,10 @@ int main(void)
   transfer[1].bodyfile = "400.txt";
   transfer[1].logfile = "400_transfer_log.txt";
 
-  if(curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT)) {
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_global_init failed\n");
-    return 1;
+    return (int)res;
   }
 
   /* You could enable global tracing for extra verbosity when verbosity is
@@ -334,5 +336,7 @@ int main(void)
     printf("\n");
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return total_failed ? 1 : 0;
 }

docs/examples/maxconnects.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -62,5 +65,8 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-app.c

@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ int main(void)
   CURLMsg *msg; /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
   int msgs_left; /* how many messages are left */
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* Allocate one curl handle per transfer */
   for(i = 0; i < HANDLECOUNT; i++)
     handles[i] = curl_easy_init();
@@ -110,6 +114,7 @@ int main(void)
   }
 
   curl_multi_cleanup(multi_handle);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
 
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-debugcallback.c

@@ -127,6 +127,10 @@ int main(void)
 
   int still_running = 0; /* keep number of running handles */
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   http_handle = curl_easy_init();
 
   /* set the options (I left out a few, you get the point anyway) */
@@ -157,5 +161,7 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_easy_cleanup(http_handle);
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-double.c

@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ int main(void)
 
   int still_running = 1; /* keep number of running handles */
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   http_handle = curl_easy_init();
   http_handle2 = curl_easy_init();
 
@@ -89,5 +93,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl_easy_cleanup(http_handle);
   curl_easy_cleanup(http_handle2);
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-event.c

@@ -219,12 +219,15 @@ static int handle_socket(CURL *easy, curl_socket_t s, int action, void *userp,
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
+
   if(argc <= 1)
     return 0;
 
-  if(curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL)) {
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Could not init curl\n");
-    return 1;
+    return (int)res;
   }
 
   base = event_base_new();

docs/examples/multi-formadd.c

@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ int main(void)
   struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
   static const char buf[] = "Expect:";
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   CURL_IGNORE_DEPRECATION(
     /* Fill in the file upload field. This makes libcurl load data from
        the given file name when curl_easy_perform() is called. */
@@ -116,5 +120,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* free slist */
     curl_slist_free_all(headerlist);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-legacy.c

@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ int main(void)
   CURLMsg *msg; /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
   int msgs_left; /* how many messages are left */
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   /* Allocate one curl handle per transfer */
   for(i = 0; i < HANDLECOUNT; i++)
     handles[i] = curl_easy_init();
@@ -187,5 +191,7 @@ int main(void)
   for(i = 0; i < HANDLECOUNT; i++)
     curl_easy_cleanup(handles[i]);
 
+   curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-post.c

@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@ int main(void)
   struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
   static const char buf[] = "Expect:";
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   multi_handle = curl_multi_init();
 
@@ -100,5 +104,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* free slist */
     curl_slist_free_all(headerlist);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return 0;
 }

docs/examples/multi-single.c

@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ int main(void)
   CURLM *multi_handle;
   int still_running = 1; /* keep number of running handles */
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   http_handle = curl_easy_init();
 

docs/examples/multi-uv.c

@@ -226,13 +226,16 @@ static int cb_socket(CURL *easy, curl_socket_t s, int action,
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   struct datauv uv = { 0 };
   int running_handles;
 
   if(argc <= 1)
     return 0;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   uv.loop = uv_default_loop();
   uv_timer_init(uv.loop, &uv.timeout);
@@ -251,6 +254,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   curl_multi_socket_action(uv.multi, CURL_SOCKET_TIMEOUT, 0, &running_handles);
   uv_run(uv.loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
   curl_multi_cleanup(uv.multi);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 

docs/examples/multithread.c

@@ -72,11 +72,14 @@ static void *pull_one_url(void *pindex)
 
 int main(void)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   pthread_t tid[NUMT];
   int i;
 
   /* Must initialize libcurl before any threads are started */
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   for(i = 0; i < NUMT; i++) {
     int error = pthread_create(&tid[i],

docs/examples/netrc.c

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -45,5 +48,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/persistent.c

@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +69,5 @@ int main(void)
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
-  return 0;
+  return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-authzid.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +71,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-dele.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +71,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-list.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -62,5 +65,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-multi.c

@@ -38,46 +38,50 @@
 
 int main(void)
 {
+  CURLcode res;
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLM *mcurl;
-  int still_running = 1;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
-  if(!curl)
-    return 1;
+  if(curl) {
+    CURLM *mcurl;
 
-  mcurl = curl_multi_init();
-  if(!mcurl)
-    return 2;
+    mcurl = curl_multi_init();
+    if(mcurl) {
+      int still_running = 1;
 
-  /* Set username and password */
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, "secret");
+      /* Set username and password */
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, "secret");
 
-  /* This retrieves message 1 from the user's mailbox */
-  curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "pop3://pop.example.com/1");
+      /* This retrieves message 1 from the user's mailbox */
+      curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "pop3://pop.example.com/1");
 
-  /* Tell the multi stack about our easy handle */
-  curl_multi_add_handle(mcurl, curl);
+      /* Tell the multi stack about our easy handle */
+      curl_multi_add_handle(mcurl, curl);
 
-  do {
-    CURLMcode mc = curl_multi_perform(mcurl, &still_running);
+      do {
+        CURLMcode mc = curl_multi_perform(mcurl, &still_running);
 
-    if(still_running)
-      /* wait for activity, timeout or "nothing" */
-      mc = curl_multi_poll(mcurl, NULL, 0, 1000, NULL);
+        if(still_running)
+          /* wait for activity, timeout or "nothing" */
+          mc = curl_multi_poll(mcurl, NULL, 0, 1000, NULL);
 
-    if(mc)
-      break;
+        if(mc)
+          break;
 
-  } while(still_running);
+      } while(still_running);
+
+      /* Always cleanup */
+      curl_multi_remove_handle(mcurl, curl);
+      curl_multi_cleanup(mcurl);
+    }
+    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+  }
 
-  /* Always cleanup */
-  curl_multi_remove_handle(mcurl, curl);
-  curl_multi_cleanup(mcurl);
-  curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   curl_global_cleanup();
 
   return 0;

docs/examples/pop3-noop.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +71,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-retr.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -62,5 +65,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-ssl.c

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -89,5 +92,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-stat.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -68,5 +71,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-tls.c

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -89,5 +92,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-top.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/pop3-uidl.c

@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -65,5 +68,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/post-callback.c

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ int main(void)
   if(res != CURLE_OK) {
     fprintf(stderr, "curl_global_init() failed: %s\n",
             curl_easy_strerror(res));
-    return 1;
+    return (int)res;
   }
 
   /* get a curl handle */

docs/examples/postinmemory.c

@@ -63,10 +63,13 @@ int main(void)
   struct MemoryStruct chunk;
   static const char *postthis = "Field=1&Field=2&Field=3";
 
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   chunk.memory = malloc(1);  /* grown as needed by realloc above */
   chunk.size = 0;    /* no data at this point */
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://www.example.org/");

docs/examples/postit2-formadd.c

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
   static const char buf[] = "Expect:";
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   CURL_IGNORE_DEPRECATION(
     /* Fill in the file upload field */

docs/examples/postit2.c

@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   struct curl_slist *headerlist = NULL;
   static const char buf[] = "Expect:";
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {

docs/examples/progressfunc.c

@@ -70,9 +70,12 @@ static int xferinfo(void *p,
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
   struct myprogress prog;
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     prog.lastruntime = 0;
@@ -93,5 +96,6 @@ int main(void)
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
+  curl_global_cleanup();
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/protofeats.c

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ int main(void)
   curl_version_info_data *ver;
   const char *const *ptr;
 
-  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   ver = curl_version_info(CURLVERSION_NOW);
   printf("Protocols:\n");

docs/examples/range.c

@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
 
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
@@ -41,5 +44,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
+  curl_global_cleanup();
+
   return (int)res;
 }

docs/examples/resolve.c

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
-  CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
 
   /* Each single name resolve string should be written using the format
      HOST:PORT:ADDRESS where HOST is the name libcurl tries to resolve, PORT
@@ -42,6 +41,10 @@ int main(void)
   struct curl_slist *host = curl_slist_append(NULL,
                                               "example.com:443:127.0.0.1");
 
+  CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+  if(res)
+    return (int)res;
+
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_RESOLVE, host);
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ int main(void)
   }
 
   curl_slist_free_all(host);
+  curl_global_cleanup();
 
   return (int)res;
 }